Ngaba iiPolymers zeThermoplastic zinetyhefu?
Iipolima zeThermoplastic luhlobo lweplastiki enokuthi inyibilikiswe kwaye yenziwe ngokutsha izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwekhemikhali. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukupakisha, iimoto, ukwakhiwa, kunye nezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkxalabo ekhulayo malunga netyhefu enokubakho yeepholima ze-thermoplastic kunye nefuthe labo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ubutyhefu beepolima ze-thermoplastic buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, izongezo, kunye neendlela zokucubungula. Ezinye iipholima ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ziqulethe iikhemikhali eziyityhefu ezifana ne-phthalates, ilothe, kunye ne-cadmium, ezinokuphuma kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye zingcolise indalo kunye nekhonkco lokutya. PVC yaziwa nangokukhupha ii-dioxins, iqela elinetyhefu kakhulu yeekhemikhali ezinokubangela umhlaza, iingxaki zokuzala kunye nophuhliso, kunye nomonakalo wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Ezinye iipholima ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-polyethylene (PE) kwaye polypropylene (PP), zithathwa njengezikhuselekileyo kwaye zincinci kunetyhefu PVC. Nangona kunjalo, zisenokuqulatha izongezo ezinje ngezizinzisi, i-antioxidants, kunye ne-plasticizers, ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo xa zifuduka ziphuma kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye zingene emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwi-PE kunye ne-PP, njenge-bisphenol A (BPA) kunye ne-phthalates, ziye zadibaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwehomoni, iingxaki zophuhliso kunye nomhlaza.
Ubuthi bepolima ze-thermoplastic bukwaxhomekeke kwiindlela zabo zokusetyenzwa. Ezinye iindlela zokulungisa, ezifana nokubumba inaliti kunye ne-extrusion, zinokuvelisa umsi oyityhefu kunye namasuntswana anokuba yingozi kubasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuveliswa kwe-polycarbonate (i-PC), i-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetyenziswe kwi-electronics kunye nezixhobo zonyango, ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-bisphenol A (BPA), ikhemikhali edibaniswe nokuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal kunye nomhlaza.
Ukunciphisa ityhefu enokubakho yeepolymers ze-thermoplastic, imimiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho iye yaphuhliswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nabathengi. Ngokomzekelo, iEuropean Union iye yakuvala ukusetyenziswa kweephthalates ezithile kwizinto zokudlala nakwiimveliso zokunyamekela abantwana, yaye iUnited States ikubekele imiqathango ukusetyenziswa kwelothe necadmium kwiimveliso zabathengi. Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kwiipolima ze-thermoplastic zemveli, ezinje ngeplastiki enokubola eyenziwe ngezixhobo ezivuselelekayo.
Ukuqukumbela, ubutyhefu beepolymers ze-thermoplastic buxhomekeke kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, izongezo, kunye neendlela zokucubungula. Ezinye iipolymers thermoplastic, ezifana PVC, ziqulethe iikhemikhali eziyityhefu ezinokuphuma kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye zingcolise indalo kunye nekhonkco lokutya. Ezinye iipolima ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-PE kunye ne-PP, zithathwa njengekhuselekile kodwa zisenokuqulatha izongezo ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nabathengi, imimiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho iye yaphuhliswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo.